【Perez公器私用練英文066】專訪曼聯助教：佛格森爵士的戰略大局觀
Sir Alex Ferguson’s tactical principles
原文網址：https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/c2e7rvwg3vvo
時間：2024/11/01
記者：René Meulensteen(2007-2013時任曼聯助教)
Sir Alex Ferguson would always say: “If you can let players play to their strengths and you can empower them, they will take control of the game. They’re good enough to do that.”
佛爵爺常常把這句話掛在嘴上：「如果你能讓球員發揮他們的長處，並且你能為他們賦能，他們就能控制整場比賽。他們優秀到可以這麼做。」
He had that flexibility with the players. He didn’t spoon feed them. That was very clear to me when I took over as the first-team coach at Manchester United.
他對球員們很有彈性，不會對他們把屎把尿(譯註：原文為「一口一口餵飽他們」)，這是我在曼聯一隊擔任教練時，給我非常清楚地感覺。
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梅倫史甸在2001年擔任青訓教練，在2007年回歸擔任一隊的球技發展教練。 Clint Hughes/Getty Images |
At that time, he called me into his office. “René,” he said. “I don’t have to tell you how to do the training sessions. I see how the players respond. It’s brilliant.”
當時，佛格森爵士把我叫進他的辦公室。
「雷內。」他說：「我不用跟你說訓練課要幹嘛，我看到球員的反應了，這簡直天賦異稟。」
He went on. “But I just want to make sure that we are all singing from the same hymn sheet, that we are looking through the same lens.
他繼續說：「但我只是需要跟你確定我們所有人唱得是同一卷讚美詩章(Perez譯註：同一個理念)、用同一個觀點來看事情。
“When I close my eyes and I see the best Manchester United, this is what I see.”
「當我閉上雙眼，我看到了最棒的曼聯，這就是我所見的。」
Then he started using the flip chart he had in his office, as he told me what he wanted.
而他開始在他辦公室的活動掛圖(Perez譯註：大概是戰術版)，向我說明他所追求的。
"the most important aspect of possession is rhythm"
節奏是控球率中最重要的事情
“From a defensive point of view,” he said, “I want us to be able to press really high, press on certain players or certain areas, really aggressive.
「從防守的觀點來看，」佛格森爵士說：「我想要我們能夠做到真的很高位的防守，對一些區域或一些球員，展現出侵略性。」
“At other times, I want us to maybe drop a little bit deeper. We press in a certain area, and then maybe hit the spaces that are left to us.
「其他的時間，我要求我們可以落位的稍微後退一點，我們在某些區域進行壓迫，然後，可能對留給我們的空間發起強襲。」
“There might be occasions when we have to sit in and defend from a block, but then it’s all about regain and retain, making sure that we can counter from that.”
「球場上可能會有需要守株待兔並防範對手格擋的場合，但屆時就是奪回跟護持住球的事情了，要確保我們能從那場合反擊。」
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| In Meulensteen's first season as first-team coach, Cristiano Ronaldo scored 42 goals in 49 games and won his first Ballon d'Or 梅倫史甸的第一個一隊助教賽季，C羅在49場比賽打進42顆球並贏得了他的第一顆金球獎 Clive Brunskill/Getty Images |
Next page on his flip chart: in possession.
活動掛版的下一頁寫著：控球。
“Possession is key,” he told me. “That's how you take the initiative. When you start turning that initiative into goalscoring opportunities, chances and scoring goals, that’s how you start to take control of the game.
「控球是關鍵，」他這麼告訴我：「這表示你怎麼發揮你的理念。當你開始把你的足球理念轉化為進球可能、機會跟得分時，那就是你怎麼控制比賽的開始。」
“And for me, the most important aspect of possession is rhythm. Look at all the top, top teams, past and present. Then look at the top, top midfielders, past and present. They have the ability to create rhythm, maintain rhythm or change rhythm.
「對我來說，節奏，是控球最重要的關鍵。縱觀每支古往今來的，最最頂尖的隊伍、再依覽古夕今朝最最頂尖的中場球員。他們都有著創造、維持、改變節奏的能力。」
“We need to be able to play through different rhythms with the players we have on the pitch.”
「我們得要能夠跟球場上球員們配合，打出與眾不同的節奏。」
"I want to see us attack with pace, power, penetration and unpredictability"
「我想要看到我們有著帶有速度、力量、滲透與不被定型的進攻」
He had a few golden rules within that possession, which he outlined. It was always about: “Think forward, look forward, play forward, with the aim to break lines, find the pockets or the space in the back four, depending how deep or high the opposition are.”
關於控球，佛格森爵士有幾條他特別強調的鐵律。整體來說是關於：「腦袋琢磨前場、眼界放在前場、比賽重心放在前場，要瞄準在怎麼衝散對手陣線，端看對手站位站得是高是低，來找到四名後衛的口袋或空間。」
(譯註：「口袋」意指後防線與中場線彼此球員之間的漏洞)
The other golden rule was: “If centre-backs, full-backs or midfielders have time on the ball and there’s no pressure on the ball, I want to see runners. I want to see people coming from wide areas into the pockets. I want to see full-backs going forward, and wingers running in behind.”
另一條鐵律則是：「如果中後衛、邊後衛或中場球員有時間把球控在腳下，並且沒有對手對球的壓迫，我要看到有人開始衝鋒。我要看到有人從邊路一路殺入口袋中。我要看到邊後衛逼上前場、邊鋒衝回後場接應。」
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| In Meulensteen's five seasons as first-team coach with Ferguson, Wayne Rooney scored 120 goals梅倫史甸在佛格森時期一隊助教的五個賽季，韋恩魯尼打入了120顆進球。 Laurence Griffiths/Getty Images |
The last page on the flip chart was all about attack.
活動掛版的最後一頁，滿滿都是與進攻有關。
“If I see United attack, I want to see us attack with pace, power, penetration and unpredictability.”
「如果我看到曼聯發起進攻，我想要看到我們有著帶有速度、力量、滲透與不被定型的進攻。」
Within that, we had certain systems. Take the 4-3-3. That would be executed completely differently if we played with Ryan Giggs on the left and, let’s say, Cristiano Ronaldo on the right, compared with Antonio Valencia on the right and maybe Nani on the left.
在這個情況下，我們會有特定的體系。用4-3-3陣型吧。如果我們能讓萊恩吉格斯站在左側，然後，這麼說吧，讓C羅站在右側，比起安東尼奧瓦倫西亞在右側，可能......納尼站在左側，可以有著完全天翻地覆的發揮。」
"Ferguson was very, very flexible and open-minded"
「佛格森非常不拘一格且思維開放」
That is where the tactical flexibility came in with us. That is where we decided whether we wanted the wingers to come in the pockets and the full-backs over the top. Or if we wanted the full-backs to stay a little bit more flat and inside, so the wingers could come down the line, and we made runs deep from the midfield. There were lots and lots of variations there.
對我們來說，在那(鐵律)之後有著戰術的彈性。在那鐵律底下，我們可以決定我們是否想要邊鋒衝進對手的漏洞，和邊後衛是否要頂上前。或如果我們想要邊後衛們待在稍微靠後，後防線站得比較穩一些，以讓邊鋒可以發起衝鋒，並且我們會讓中場從深處發起跑動。那裏有著很大、很大的多變性。
Ferguson was very, very flexible and open-minded, in different ways, on how we could exploit situations. To give one example, I remember we were due to play an FA Cup game at home against Arsenal, and we had a lot of injuries.
佛格森非常、非常不拘一格且思維開放，換個方式來說，是在我們可以怎麼審時度勢的方面。我舉個例子，我記得我們在主場打阿森納的聯賽盃比賽，那時我們有著大量傷員。
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| Rooney clashes with Bacary Sagna during Manchester United's 2-0 FA Cup victory over Arsenal in 2011 魯尼在2011年足總盃2-0取得對阿森那的勝利時跟巴凱利薩格納發生衝突 Clive Mason/Getty Images |
We knew Arsenal would never change under Arsène Wenger. They always played the same, playing out from the back. They had a link from the back to the front, like they had with Cesc Fàbregas and Robin van Persie, or later with Mikel Arteta and Santi Cazorla.
我們清楚阿森那在溫格手下從不變陣。他們總是打同一套，由後場開始主導比賽。阿森納透過他們有的球員，像是法布雷加斯和羅賓范佩西，或更之後的米克爾阿特塔、薩提卡佐拉進行後場到前場的串聯。
So we always made sure that, when we played Arsenal, we pressed. On this occasion, though, we were missing some players. What did we do? We put Rafael and Fabio, the two Brazilians, right wing and left wing, and we had Darron Gibson in midfield, with Wayne Rooney and Chicharito [Javier Hernández] up front.
我們十分確定此節，所以當我們對陣阿森納時，我們向前壓迫。雖然在當下我們已經少了一些球員。我們做了什麼？我們派上了拉斐爾跟法比歐兩個巴西左右邊鋒」並且把達倫吉布遜放在中場，同時韋恩魯尼、小豌豆(哈維爾赫德南斯)作為前鋒。
"the key was always to make sure that we let our players play to their strengths"
「關鍵是永遠確保我們讓我們的球員發揮他們的強項」
That meant we had highly aggressive players going forward, who absolutely pressed the life out of Arsenal. We won that game 2-0. That is just a little example of the tactical flexibility we had.
這代表著我們讓球員高度向前壓迫，絕對足以把阿森納的晉級命壓出比賽外。我們2-0贏下那場比賽，而那只是我們有的戰術彈性的一個小小例子。
With the longevity Ferguson had at the club, he could not have been rigid in that sense. He wouldn’t have been able to sustain it. You cannot survive if you do not move with the times and think with an open mind.
在佛格森爵士於球隊的長治久安來看，這個層面，他的思維不可能是僵化的。他從來不能被定型在同個框架之下。你沒辦法在不與時俱進、沒有開放心胸的情況下(在頂級賽場)生存。
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| Sir Alex Ferguson won 50 trophies in 39 years as a manager, at four clubs 艾力克斯佛格森爵士，在四家球隊以教練身分，39年獲得了50座冠軍 Alex Livesey/Getty Images |
But the key was always to make sure that we let our players play to their strengths. To make sure they understood what we wanted from a defensive point of view. We were very structured.
但關鍵是永遠確保我們讓我們的球員發揮他們的強項。確保他們知道從防守的角度來說我們想要什麼，我們是很有建構的。
It was very clear what we wanted. From a possession point of view and going forward, it was all in favour of creativity and spontaneity, to create that unpredictability in forward play.
我們想要什麼可謂清楚可見，從控球的角度與勇往往前，那全部都是對於球員創造力與自發性的厚愛，來創造前場不可被預期的比賽打法。
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