【Perez公器私用練英文039】4-3-3陣型：五大關鍵

【Perez公器私用練英文039】
The 4-3-3 formation: five key points
4-3-3陣型：五大關鍵

原文網址：https://www.coachesvoice.com/cv/4-3-3-formation-klopp-arteta-xavi/

時間：2023/05/05

文章作者：Brandon Evans

The 4-3-3 formation has been in vogue for some time now. Mikel Arteta’s Arsenal, Xavi Hernández’s Barcelona and Jürgen Klopp’s Liverpool are among the high-profile exponents of the 4-3-3 shape. Other highly successful modern coaches, including Carlo Ancelotti, José Mourinho, Pep Guardiola and Luis Enrique, have also used a 4-3-3 at different times in their careers.

4-3-3陣型已經風靡行之有時。阿特塔的阿森納、哈維的巴薩和克洛普的利物浦是4-3-3的知名傳人們。其他現代的成功教練，像是安切洛帝、穆里尼奧、瓜迪奧拉、恩里克，在生涯的不同時間也採用過此陣型。

As well as being conducive to an offensive approach, the 4-3-3 also lends itself well to defensive adaptation. The shape allows for space to be covered efficiently, support to be provided defensively, and a press exerted across the pitch.

4-3-3陣型有利於進攻手段，也同樣對防守調整頗收奇效。陣容允許讓空間有效地被覆蓋，提供防禦性的協助，並在球場上給予全力施壓。

Here, The Coaches’ Voice highlights five keys to executing a 4-3-3 formation successfully.

此時此地，【教練之聲】重點指出五個讓4-3-3成功執行的關鍵。

Specialists精通專家

For a 4-3-3 to be executed effectively, players in the midfield and attacking lines need to possess particular attributes.

讓4-3-3執行的更有效率，中場球員跟攻擊線需要擁有特別的屬性。

The three midfield players must offer passing lanes in the first two thirds of the pitch, behind the opposition press, as well as making diagonal runs. In the 4-3-3, the midfielders tend to play in the congested central channel. As a result, they must have excellent technique on the ball.

三個中場球員必須在球場範圍的前2/3，在對手的壓迫下提供傳球路徑，也要進行對角線的跑動。在433，中場們偏向在擁擠的正中間踢球。做為結果，他們必須有著精湛的球技。

The attacking line typically consists of players with the profile of three forwards, or two wingers and a striker. Regardless of the combination, all three players must be clearly offensive. If these positions are played by midfielders or number eights, the 4-3-3 will carry less attacking threat.

攻擊線原則上由三個前場組成，或是兩個邊鋒跟一個正印射門員。無論是哪個組合，三名球員的攻擊性都非常明顯。如果這些位置由中場或八號位來踢。4-3-3帶有的進攻威脅會降低。

The three attacking players have two key functions. In possession, they must provide width to receive in the final third, giving options outside and looking to make runs inside. Out of possession, as the first line of defence, they must press aggressively against the build-up. If they don’t, the opposition can potentially advance with ease (below).

三位攻擊手有著兩個關鍵功能。控球上，他們要保持進攻三區的空間寬度，提供外側進攻還是內切的選擇。控球以外，作為防禦的第一線，他們在面對對手組織時要有侵略性的進行壓迫。如果不這麼做，對手就能輕鬆的做出很有潛在威脅的推進。(如下圖)

Creating space in the build-up在組織時創造空間

When building from the back in a 4-3-3, the goalkeeper and defenders must be patient in order to draw the press and filter passes to the midfielders. Having these three midfielders at different heights is advantageous to finding space and progressing the ball.

當4-3-3從後場進行組織，守門員、防守者需要很有耐心的去吸引壓迫與挑選出給中場球員的傳球。有著三位中場在不同的身高，有利於尋找空間跟推進球。

With the pivot closer to the defensive line as an axis of the play, they must look to draw the opposition press. Sergio Busquets at Barcelona was a fantastic example of this. His movements in front of the centre-backs generated space for both the full-backs and inside players, such as Gavi, Franck Kessié or Sergi Roberto (below).

隨著支點作為這套踢法的軸心更貼近防衛線，他們必須去吸引對手的壓迫。巴薩的Busquets是箇中翹楚。他在中後衛們前的動作，產生了邊後衛與更內側，像是加維、Kessie、Roberto等等球員的空間。

If the pivot is marked, the two number eights must find space to receive in a position where they can progress the ball. Should the opposition press also reach the number eights, the height of the full-backs can be key to generating overloads and free players.

如果被核心被針對了，兩個八號位就必須去找空間，去找一個他們能傳球的空間接球。對手的壓迫應當同樣對八號位施展，邊後衛的身高就成為了組成空間過載與解放球員的關鍵。

Once in the opposition half, the width of the wingers forces the opposition to commit players to close them down. This can create space in the final third, which can be exploited to create chances on goal.

一到對手半場，翼鋒的空間寬度會迫使對手需要犯規來阻止他們。這會造成在進攻三區，對手有可能被剝削，創造進球機會的空間。

Width in attack進攻的寬度

The 4-3-3 is a system that thrives on wide play. To achieve this, a high level of co-ordination is required between the full-backs and the wingers. It is a partnership that can work in two ways.

4-3-3是一套在邊路蓬勃發展的踢法。要達成這件事情，邊後衛、邊鋒必須要有高超的協調性。這是一種可以由兩種方法運作的默契打法。

One is to play a winger on the side that corresponds with their dominant foot – left-footed on the left wing, right-footed on the right side. This tends to provoke more 1v1s and forces a more conservative opposition full-back deeper. That means less risk after a turnover in that area, with full-backs typically less pivotal to building attacks than advanced teammates. It also increases the chances of having numbers behind the ball on a defensive transition.

一是由一側符合他們慣用腳的邊鋒—例如左腳左邊鋒或右腳右邊鋒。這傾向去刺激更多的一對一跟迫使保守心態的對手邊後衛更深入。意味著在該區域內形勢逆轉後(編注：被對手防守反擊)，面臨的風險是更少的，伴隨著邊後衛一般來說比起推進隊友，更少有著組織進攻的支點作用。它也增加了球在轉換為防守時有數名球員的機會。

The second option is to have an inverted winger who is more inclined to cut inside. This leaves space on the outside to be exploited by a full-back and create a possible 2v1. On defensive transition, however, there is less protection when losing possession. As such, the midfielders must be ready to prevent quick progression on transition.

第二個選項則是安排一個傾向內切的內切型邊鋒。這會留下外側空間被邊後衛使用，並創造可能的2打1機會。但是在轉換為防守時，丟失球權時反而會獲得較少的保護。中場球員們必須盡可能的準備防範攻守轉換時的快攻。

Arsenal (below) are a good example of the full-back-winger combination in attack. The positioning and movement of the wingers (often Bukayo Saka and Gabriel Martinelli) and the full-backs (mostly Oleksandr Zinchenko, Ben White or Takehiro Tomiyasu) provides variation in outside-channel attacks.

如下圖，阿森納是個「邊後衛—邊鋒」進攻連線的好例子。邊鋒(經常是薩卡或馬丁內利)的站位跟動作，以及邊後衛(大部分是津琴科、本懷特或富安建洋)提供邊路攻擊的靈活性。

Counter-attacking speed 反擊速度性

The 4-3-3 lends itself to rapid counter-attacking, for which the positioning of the forwards is key. Often they will be in a 3v4 underload, or a 3v3, so they must quickly find the space in an attacking transition. As such, teammates should look for balls in behind the opposition defence for the forwards to run into space.

4-3-3讓它自身得以快速反擊，而前鋒的站位是其中關鍵。他們經常會在一個3打4的人數弱勢，或是3打3，讓他們可以快速地找到空間進行進攻轉換。同隊球員應該會盡可能的對手後防線之後能夠餵球的空間，並讓前鋒可以跑到該空間。

Vinícius Júnior's pace in launching Real Madrid’s counter-attacks, when Carlo Ancelotti has used a 4-3-3, is a good example of speed on transition (below). The Brazilian winger relishes finding space behind, while his teammate Rodrygo also has a good understanding of these vertical movements in the moments after possession is won.

當安切洛帝使用4-3-3陣形時，維尼修斯的快速帶球能力讓皇馬發起反擊，是個快速攻守轉換的好例子(如下圖)。在獲得控球之後，巴西翼鋒享受於尋找後方空間，同時隊友羅德里哥也對這些垂直移動的動作上一瞬之間就能良好理解。

Midfield defensive duties中場防守的義務

The 4-3-3 is a system, with its three attacking players, in which the first line of the press can be vulnerable. The three midfielders must therefore be switched on and adept at shuffling across the width of the pitch, for those moments when the first press is bypassed. This requires good endurance levels, as well as positional awareness.

4-3-3是一個有著三名攻擊手的系統，意指著壓迫的第一線是容易受傷害的。三名中場因此必須要切換並隨機移動在球場的邊路，當第一層壓迫(前鋒們)被跨過的時候。這需要有好的防禦水準，同時還要有一樣好的位置認知感。

The three midfielders must also be prepared to support the full-backs, covering behind when they are defending wide areas where crosses can be delivered. This prevents the centre-backs from having to come out of the box. The midfielders must have good reading of the play, to understand when to drop to help the full-back.

三名中場也必須要做好支援邊後衛的準備，當邊後衛在邊路傳球可以抵達的地方進行防衛時覆蓋住後方。這防止了邊後衛需要離開小禁區。中場們必須要有好的比賽閱讀能力去了解什麼時候落位到後方協助邊後衛。

Together, these side-to-side movements and support of the full-backs demands a high-level of co-ordination between the midfielders.

結合上述，這些多種變化的動作或是給邊後衛的協助，都中場球員間高水準的默契。

During Klopp’s time at Liverpool, his teams have often provided an excellent example of midfield balance within a 4-3-3. While at Liverpool, Jordan Henderson’s support of his full-back was vital in allowing the team’s centre-backs to mark inside the box (below).

克氏時期紅軍，他的隊伍經常會提供一個中場平衡類型的4-3-3作為優秀的例子。在利物浦時，漢德森給予邊後衛的援助是有幫助的去讓隊伍的中後衛可以鎖定在禁區內(下圖)。

The midfield line plays an important role in the defensive transition. Whenever possible, they should be positioned close to the ball to prevent an opposing counter-attack. They must be aggressive in disrupting the opposition’s build-up as soon as the ball is lost. The aim should be to win the ball back as quickly as possible, so that the team can attack again in the 4-3-3 shape.

中場線在這套防守轉換上扮演了一個重要角色。在任何可能的時間點，他們應當靠近球去避免對手的反擊。他們要在失去球權時盡快有侵略性的打斷對手的組織。這些目的應該要為盡快爭取回球權服務，以讓球可以在4-3-3陣形再度發起攻擊。

【單字與片語】

exponent (n.) 指數；傳人

conducive (adj.) 有利的

exerted (adj.) 竭盡全力

draw (v.) (在這邊指)吸引

filter (v.) 過濾

advantageous (adj.) 有優勢的

co-ordination (n.) 協調

correspond (v.) 順應/符合

provoke (v.) 刺激；惹

conservative  (adj.) 保守的