【Perez公器私用練英文087】
How does Daniel Levy run Tottenham - and would he ever leave?
列維的熱刺經營之道—他會抽手嗎?
原文網址:https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/cr53l53g793o
發佈時間:2025/02/15
原文作者:Laura Scott & Nizaar Kinella
A popular chant among match-going Tottenham fans at the moment is: "I don't care about Levy, he doesn't care about me, all I care about is Kulusevski."
「列維怎麼了我不管,我怎樣他也沒來管,只有庫魯賽夫斯基我關心滿滿。」在托特納姆球迷一時之間流行傳唱的隊歌是這樣的。
Prominent banners at the home defeat by Leicester last month read: "Our game is about glory, Levy's game is about greed" and "24 years, 16 managers, 1 trophy - time for change".
上個月被萊斯特城打敗的比賽時,有幾塊著名的舉牌這樣寫著:「我們為榮譽而戰,洛維為貪慾而戰」與「二十四年十六教,一座獎盃該變革」。
A crisis of about 30 separate injuries and poor form has left manager Ange Postecoglou exposed, irritable, and under pressure, with his side 14th in the Premier League and out of both domestic cups.
30起傷病此起彼落與貧乏的狀態組成的危機,伴隨著英超第十四名與在國內的兩座盃賽都被淘汰。讓總教練安格・波斯特科格魯(以下將簡稱「奧波」)毫無防備、躁動不安、備受壓力。
The debate about who or what is to blame for Spurs' struggles is going round in circles. Alongside Manchester United's failings and Manchester City's decline, it has been one of the narratives of this season.
熱刺這一季的苦痛不堪要歸咎誰或什麼緣故,這場辯論形成了一個循環論證。曼聯的殞落與曼城的式微,三者都是本季引起無數津津哀道的故事。
Fan anger has again been aimed at chairman Daniel Levy - vocalised in persistent 'Levy out' calls from supporters both home and away.
又一次的,支持者將怒火對準了主席丹尼爾列維——不分主客場,「列維滾蛋」的呼喊聲不絕於耳。
Club sources told BBC Sport the protests are "hurting" Levy, who attends almost every game and sits stoically through the criticism.
球隊的知情人員告訴BBC體育,這些抗議讓列維「受傷了」,他幾乎參加了每場比賽,而且在批評聲浪中,始終忍辱負重的在位子上就坐。
Tottenham were one of the busiest clubs in the January transfer window, but that has not satisfied some fans who criticise a recruitment policy mainly focused on under-21 players with potential resale value, and who regularly accuse Levy of acting too slowly in the market and putting profits above success on the pitch.
托特納姆已是冬季轉會窗最繁忙的球隊之一,但那不夠讓那些批評球隊的轉會政策是「都聚焦在有著潛在再售價值的U21球員」的球迷,以及那些指控列維對轉會市場反應太慢,與在球場上將錢放在榮譽之前的球迷們滿意。
A 'sit-down' protest - led by a smaller supporter group called Change for Tottenham (CFT) - is planned against Levy before Sunday's Premier League match against Manchester United.
一場「就座式」抗議—由一個小型球迷組織「托特納姆改變」(CFT,以下翻作熱刺改變)發起—策劃將在週日對曼聯的英超比賽發起來對抗列維。
Last week, the main fan group - the Tottenham Hotspur Supporters' Trust (THST) - released five core principles they want to hold Levy to account on.
上週,最重要的球迷組織—托特納姆熱刺支持者信念(THST,以下翻作熱刺信念)—釋出了他們希望確保列維會倚仗的五項核心原則。
Among those principles were demands to "commit to winning" with investment; "attract and retain talent" with competitive wages; "develop elite youth talent"; "lead with integrity" to be "financially sustainable" while "keeping tickets affordable"; and engage with fans.
這些原則大致包括要求,透過置產「致力爭勝」、透過可競爭性的薪資「磁吸人才」;培養青年菁英人才;以「誠信領導」,要在「財政永續」的同時「保持票價可負擔」;並且要與球迷有互動。
BBC Sport has spoken to several people on and off the record to try to understand the fuller picture of Levy's Tottenham regime.
BBC體育採訪了幾位具名或匿名人士,試圖更全面了解列維在托特納姆熱刺的執掌狀況。
Some of the key points made were:
幾個重點整理如下:
- Levy will step aside when he feels it is right for Spurs and "every option is open" for different future ownership structures 列維會在「覺得這樣做對熱刺比較好」的情境下抽身熱刺管理,並且對未來領導結構「每個選項都保持開放」。
- He is "hurt" by protests, "hurt" by results, and has opted to sit through the 'Levy out' chants rather than hide away 他被抗議的人「傷害了」、被結果「傷害了」,並且比起躲到一邊,他更選擇坐在場邊聽著「列維滾蛋」的隊呼
- An acceptance Spurs have not always spent well in the transfer market but belief that recent managers, including Postecoglou, have been backed financially 熱刺承認,他們並沒有在每個轉會窗都把錢投資得很好,但他們也相信近年的—包括奧波在內—教練,都是有被財政金援的。
- Club leadership feel they have come closer to winning more than just the 2008 League Cup in the Enic/Levy era having reached 15 semi-finals and six finals 球隊的領導階層覺得,他們現在將會比Enic公司(列維)至今的十五次四強賽、六次決賽,並只拿到2008年聯賽盃更多的獎盃,而且正逐漸靠近這個目標。
- Sources who have worked with Levy say he does not communicate well enough and suggest the executive team are too similar, hence occasional "own goals" on policies. 根據跟列維共事過的消息來源指出,列維並不長袖善舞,並且針砭執行團隊的同質性太高,偶爾會在執行政策上打出一些「烏龍球」。
'Most profitable club in Premier League history'
英超歷史最賺錢之球隊
Football finance expert Kieran Maguire says any discussion of Levy's tenure must be framed by Tottenham becoming the "most profitable club in Premier League history" because of the money their new stadium generates, a historically lower wage structure and a "degree of caution" on transfer spending.
足球財政學家基蘭馬奎爾表示,列維生涯的所有決策,都是建構在托特納姆變成「英超歷史最賺錢球隊」之下的,因為他們的新球場完工帶來了巨大收益、歷史級的低薪結構與轉會花費的「謹慎量級」。
He describes Spurs as a "superb cash-making machine" who have "outperformed any other club in England".
他將熱刺闡述為一台能「遠甩英格蘭其他球隊」的「卓越印鈔機」。
Maguire outlined:
馬奎爾指出:
- His figures show that from 2001 to 2023, Tottenham made £171m profit. Burnley were second on £159m, with Arsenal third on £105m 2001到2023年,熱刺的淨利潤是1.71億英鎊、伯恩利以1.59億望其項背、阿森納1.05億英鎊排名第三。
- In the past decade, Spurs have the sixth-highest total wage bill in the Premier League (£1.6bn vs Man City's £2.9bn as the highest); the sixth-highest transfer spend (£1.3bn vs Chelsea's £2.8bn as the most); with the fifth-highest net spend over a similar period. 近十年來,熱刺是英超聯賽中總薪資排名第六高(16億英鎊,對比之下最高的曼城達到了29億英鎊);第六高轉會費總額(13億英鎊,對比之下切爾西的28億英鎊為最高),同一時期是淨支出排名第五高的球隊。
- Tottenham fans pay among the highest season ticket prices and matchday prices in the top flight 托特納姆的球迷在頂尖球隊之列,有著最高的季票與單場比賽票價。
- Levy has the highest chief executive pay of Premier League clubs that declare such data. In 2023, the most recent figures available, Spurs' highest-paid director - unnamed but assumed to be Levy - earned £6.6m. 一些資料宣稱,列為是最高薪的英超球隊CEO。2023年,也就是最近一次能取得的資料,熱刺最高薪的「總監」──未屬名,但一般被人認為就是列為──賺了660萬英鎊。
What is it like to work under Levy?
在列維底下工作的感想是什麼?
Club insiders describe Levy, 63, as "shy, quiet and hard-working" - and a man who loves the club and is affected by fan criticism. Multiple sources who know him have expressed respect for Tottenham's progress under his leadership.
球隊內部人員,形容63歲的列維「害羞、安靜、勤勉」,並且是個愛這支球隊與被球迷的批評聲影響的人。多方認識他的來源表達了對於在他麾下的熱刺進程的尊重。
Daniel Levy has been Tottenham's chairman since 2001 2001年起,丹尼爾列維就已就任熱刺主席。 |
One source with knowledge of the inner workings of the club, who wished to remain anonymous, said Levy can be "very ruthless" but "genuinely wants the best for Spurs".
其中一個知道球隊內部運作,並且希望匿名的資訊來源表示,列維「翻臉無情」但「一般來說是希望熱刺給熱刺最好的一切。」
They claimed some of the "own goals" - such as using the government furlough scheme during Covid in 2020 and more recently phasing out senior concession tickets - are partly because Levy does not "surround himself with the best people".
他們說有擺過「一些烏龍」──諸如在疫情期間使用了政府部門式的「無薪假」,而更最近的還有取消敬老票──這部分歸因於列維並沒有讓自己「被最好的智囊們環繞」。
They described the executive leadership and club board, which includes operations and finance director Matthew Collecott and executive director Donna-Maria Cullen, as "people too similar to him" who will "sit with their heads in their phones", rather than "people who make up for [Levy's] weaknesses".
他們形容,包括程序與金融總監馬修科列寇特、執行總監唐娜瑪莉亞庫倫在內的領導團隊與俱樂部董事會,都是些「跟列維太相似的人」,都是群「坐以待手機響」而不是「能彌補(列維的)弱點」的人。
The source said Levy does not successfully deliver his messages about caring for the club because he is not a strong public speaker and chooses to avoid it, adding: "One interview or being visible once a year is not a lot."
訊息來源表示,列維並沒有成功的溝通他對球隊的關心,因為他並不精於在大眾前面高談闊論,並且選擇避而不行。同時也補充道:「一次的專訪或是一年被注目一次其實並不多呀。」
While Tottenham's football structure has changed frequently, including technical directors, managing directors and heads of football operations, sources say the club rigidly sticks to "Levy's philosophy and recruitment policy - to buy young players with promise who can add value".
當托特納姆熱刺的結構幾度改變,包含技術總監、管理總監與足球運作的頭頭們皆然,訊息來源們都表示球隊牢牢黏在「列維式哲學與招募政策──買未來能加值賣出的青年才俊。」
Another source who has worked with Levy in the Spurs hierarchy, also speaking anonymously, backed his passion for the club and said the idea the chairman does not care because he rarely shows emotion is "nonsense".
另一個作為列維在熱刺心腹,並且同樣匿名的消息來源表示,背書了他對球隊的熱情,並且駁斥因為主席很少展露情緒,就說主席漠不關心的想法「毫無根據。」
They added that Levy is unrelenting - working "crazy" hours which can be tough and tiring for colleagues - and always wants more, something which can grate with people who do not like that style of leadership.
他們補充說,列維是個工作狂,工作永遠不分晝夜,對同事來說可謂又嚴苛又疲憊。而且他永不滿足,這種領導風格會引起與他共事的人反感。
Would Levy ever step aside?
列維會抽身嗎?
Sources at the club believe Levy will step aside when he feels it is right for Tottenham.
球隊內的消息來源認為,列維會在他覺得「這對熱刺比較好」的時候抽身。
They say he would not be motivated by vanity to stay on if there was an outright takeover - and the club remains open to investment with all future ownership structures on the table.
他們說,如果有外部機會接手,他也沒有意願因為虛榮心戀棧職位──並且球隊一直都開放檯面上任何可能的未來持有者注資。
While Levy may be the focal point of protests, it was stressed that he is a minority shareholder of the club through his own family trust - and Enic, itself mostly owned by the Lewis family trust, remains the majority owner.
儘管列維可能是抗議的焦點人物,但消息人士也強調,列維也僅是透過其家族信託而持有俱樂部少數股權的小股東,而主要股東仍是劉易斯家族信託所持有的Enic公司。
That means any change or purchase would need approval from the Lewis family, and there are other minority shareholders with a say.
這代表任何的改變或購買案都需要經過路易斯家族的許可,而這其中又有其他的小股東們有話語權。
During the current protests, the THST has expressed frustration but has not called for Levy to leave, unlike CFT, which is a smaller splinter group looking to apply pressure in internal fan politics and towards the club.
目前的抗議活動中,「熱刺信念」表示了對球隊的挫敗感,但還沒有倡議列維下台;較小眾的球迷團體「熱刺改變」則互別苗頭,對於內部球迷的政治操作與球隊都施著壓。
Other sources agreed the only realistic way in which Levy would leave Spurs would be on his own terms. He is the Premier League's highest-paid chief executive - earning an estimated £50m-plus over his 25 years in charge.
其他消息來源也認同,列維離開托特納姆熱刺的唯一可行的方式,是他自己主動辭職。他是英超聯賽最高薪的執行長,在其25年的任期內,估計收入超過5000萬英鎊。
This week a Guardian article reported potential interest in Tottenham from an unnamed Qatari consortium, although sources with knowledge of Spurs' ownership situation played it down.
這週衛報專題報導了一個未具名的卡達財閥,表達了熱刺的潛在興趣,雖然對於熱刺執掌團隊有內情的消息來源表示不以為然。
In 2023, when Paris St-Germain's owners Qatari Sports Investment (QSI) were exploring the possibility of a minority stake in an English club, Tottenham were one of the teams linked. Levy maintains a close relationship with PSG and QSI chairman Nasser Al-Khelaifi.
2023年,巴黎聖日耳曼的持有者卡達體育投資基金(QSI)一度挖掘過持有一支英格蘭球隊少量股份的可能性,熱刺是其中一支被連結的隊伍。列維保持著跟巴黎聖日耳曼與QSI主席納賽爾阿卡拉菲的良好關係。
One source added that Levy - a renowned negotiator famously described by Sir Alex Ferguson as "more painful [to deal with] than a hip replacement" - will demand a high price for Spurs given their elite facilities, brand, London premium and the revenue the club now generates.
一位消息人士補充說,列維——一位被亞歷克斯·弗格森爵士形容為「比髖關節置換手術還要痛苦」而惡名昭彰的談判高手——鑑於托特納姆熱刺擁有頂尖的設施、品牌、倫敦地利的溢價,以及俱樂部目前產生的收入,他將會索要不斐。
Where do the 10 highest-earning clubs in the world get their revenue from?
How Tottenham compare off the pitch with richest clubs
世界十大賺錢球隊怎麼賺錢?
托特納姆熱刺如何跟富豪球隊比拚
Various reports in recent years have valued Tottenham at between £3.5bn and £4bn.
近年,多方來源報導,熱刺估值在35億~40億英鎊之間。
Chelsea were bought in a deal worth up to £4.25bn from Roman Abramovich in 2022 by a consortium led by American investor Todd Boehly and private equity firm Clearlake Capital. The purchase price was £2.5bn with a commitment to spending £1.75bn over the next 10 years.
2022年,至少42.5億英鎊市值的切爾西被由美國投資人陶德柏利領導的財團與私募股權清湖能源,從羅曼阿布諾維奇手中買到而成交。這場交易案金額維25億英鎊,並且在接下來的十年還要陸續支付17.5億英鎊。
Meanwhile, Sir Jim Ratcliffe's Ineos bought a 25% stake in Manchester United for £1.03bn in December 2023 in a process which included a rival bid from Qatar's Sheikh Jassim, reported to be nearer to £5bn for 100% of the club.
同時,吉姆·拉特克利夫爵士的英力士集團於2023年12月以10.3億英鎊的價格收購了曼聯25%的股份,在此過程中,卡達的賈西姆酋長也提出了競爭性報價,據報導,他對俱樂部100%的股權報價接近50億英鎊。
Despite those huge sums, both clubs - unlike Tottenham - need major investment in their stadiums to unlock bigger commercial earning potential.
儘管涉及如此龐大的金額,但兩支球隊都和托特納姆熱刺不同,它們的球場還需要大量投資,才能解放更大的商業變現力。
According to the first source, the period when Tottenham were building their new £1.2bn stadium, between 2017 and 2019, meant Levy was "all-consumed" and the board "left everyone to do their jobs".
根據第一位消息人士的說法,在托特納姆熱刺建造耗資12億英鎊的新球場期間(2017年至2019年),列維「全神貫注」於球場建設,而董事會則「放手讓大家各司其職」。
Spurs secured Champions League football under Mauricio Pochettino for four successive seasons to 2018-19 - and were beaten in the 2019 final by Liverpool.
熱刺在波切蒂諾領軍下,在18/19賽季前連續四度取得了歐冠席次──並且在2019年的決賽被利物浦打敗。
That source suggested Levy's approach - namely "open to conversations but set in his ways" - has meant a lot of people with off-field expertise have left Spurs over the years for more influential jobs.
該消息人士表示,列維的行事方式——即「願意對話,但剛愎自用」——導致多年來許多具有場下專業知識的人離開托特納姆熱刺,轉而尋求更有影響力的職位。
Paul Barber was an executive director between 2005-2010 and is now Brighton chief executive; Michael Edwards was Spurs' chief analyst from 2009-2011 before leaving for Liverpool; FA technical director John McDermott was Tottenham's head of academy and player development until 2020; while EFL chief executive Trevor Birch was - very briefly - Tottenham's director of football operations, from September 2020 to January 2021.
保羅·巴伯曾在2005年至2010年擔任執行總監,現在轉任布萊頓CEO;邁克爾·愛德華茲在2009年至2011年擔任托特納姆熱刺的首席分析師,之後離職前往利物浦;英格蘭足球總會技術總監約翰·麥克德莫特在2020年之前一直擔任托特納姆熱刺的青訓學院和球員發展主管;而英格蘭足球聯賽執行長特雷弗·伯奇則在2020年9月至2021年1月短暫擔任托特納姆熱刺的足球運營總監。
It could be argued that many of these highly-rated executives enjoyed good careers at Tottenham before simply moving on - but the source claims they "left the building far too easily".
或許這些被高評價的執行者,因為在熱刺就任,並且他們還沒輕易離開之前,也很享受其職涯而讓這個說法存在爭議──但消息人士宣稱他們「不費吹灰之力的遠離大樓」。
Another source to have worked closely with Levy at Spurs, again speaking anonymously, pointed out he has delivered "a core infrastructure that is probably the best in the world" and suggested that would give the club "an incredible foundation for future success - probably after Daniel's time".
另一位曾在托特納姆熱刺與列維密切合作的消息人士(同樣匿名)指出,他(列維)已經打造了「可能是世界上最好的核心基礎設施」,並認為這將為俱樂部「未來的成功奠定令人難以置信的基礎——可能是在丹尼爾(列維)卸任之後」。
They said it had taken Arsenal 10 to 15 years to get back to competing for titles and regularly qualifying for Champions League football after they rebuilt their infrastructure, with Levy having inherited a dilapidated stadium, old training ground and ageing squad.
他們表示,阿森納在重建基礎設施後,花了10到15年的時間才重返爭奪冠軍和常規晉級歐冠聯賽的行列,而列維接手時,面對的是一座破舊的體育場、老舊的訓練場和一支老化的球隊。
However, the source suggested Levy has not yet got the "formula right" by employing the right head coach with the right players at the same time.
然而,該消息人士認為,列維尚未找到同時聘請合適的主教練和擁有合適的球員的「勝利方程式」。
Does Levy lack football nous?
列維不懂球嗎?
One criticism some fans have consistently aimed at Levy and Tottenham's executive board is a lack of understanding of what it takes to succeed on the pitch.
有些球迷的批評論點,會不斷瞄準在列維與熱刺高層對於怎麼在球場上活得成功毫無概念。
Levy, Collecott and Cullen have worked together for a quarter of a century - one source described them as "the Holy Trinity to an extent" - with the chairman known to be "loyal to people loyal to him".
列維、(程序與金融總監)科列寇特、(執行總監)庫倫共事25年──一個消息人士形容他們是「掌權鐵三角」──並且指出主席以「對忠於他的人忠誠」為人所知。
They are supported at the top level by director of football administration and governance Rebecca Caplehorn and non-executive director Jonathan Turner.
在最高層的領導層級,他們得到了足球行政和治理總監麗貝卡·卡普爾霍恩以及非執行董事喬納森·特納的支持。
The source said that in their experience at Tottenham there was no block on outside or different views, but it can be hard for newcomers especially those without an affinity to Spurs.
消息人士表示,根據他們在托特納姆熱刺的經驗,俱樂部並沒有擋下外部勢力或異溫層觀點的表達,但對於新人,特別是那些對熱刺沒有歸屬感的人來說,融入可能會有困難。
They added that Levy, Collecott, 56, and Cullen, 61 are "probably an unbreakable group" given their longevity and close relationships, but did stress they will not be at Tottenham forever.
他們補充說,鑑於列維、56歲的科列寇特和61歲的庫倫的長期合作和密不可分的關係,他們「可能是一個牢不可破的團體」,但他們確實強調,他們不會永遠留在托特納姆熱刺。
It was suggested to BBC Sport that personal factors such as age and the trio's own health or the health of relatives could lead them to "re-evaluate".
BBC體育了解到,包含年齡、三人各自或親屬的健康等個人因素,可能會導致他們「重新評估」。
Sources inside the club accepted the various backgrounds of people on Tottenham's board mean they know more about business than football, but pointed out that another six-person board - which includes chief football officer Scott Munn and technical director Johan Lange - sits underneath to advise on all football decisions.
球隊內部消息人士承認,托特納姆熱刺董事會成員的背景各不相同,意味著他們在商業方面的知識比足球方面更豐富,但他們也指出,另一個由「六人會」——其中包括足球事務總監史考特·蒙恩和技術總監約翰·蘭格——在基層為所有足球決策提供建議。
They will have a major say on any managerial appointments, while transfers are led by Lange and only finalised by Levy - with Munn running the rest of the football operation.
他們將在任何主教練任命上,都擁有重大發言權,而轉會則由蘭格主導,僅由列維最終敲定——蒙恩負責管理其他足球運營事務。
Tottenham insiders accept they have not always spent well, and have made transfer mistakes in the past, but believe they have backed recent managers - including Postecoglou - and are happy with deals such as those for Dominic Solanke, Archie Gray and Lucas Bergvall.
托特納姆熱刺內部人士承認他們過去在轉會方面並非總是花錢在刀口上,也犯過轉會錯誤,但他們相信他們已經金援支持了最近的幾位主教練——包括奧波——並且對多米尼克·索蘭克、阿奇·格雷和盧卡斯·貝里瓦爾等交易感到滿意。
It is also felt that raising profits to record levels is the only way Tottenham can compete with teams like Man City and Newcastle and their ownership models.
人們也認為,將利潤提高到創紀錄的水平是托特納姆熱刺與曼城和紐卡斯爾等球隊及其所有權模式競爭的唯一途徑。
Spurs sources feel they have been close to winning more trophies than just one trophy in the Enic/Levy era - having reached 15 semi-finals and six finals - and the five other clubs in the 'traditional top six' are either richer or bigger.
熱刺的消息人士認為,在Enic/列維時代,他們本來可以贏得不止一座獎盃——他們已經進入了15次半決賽和6次決賽——而『傳統六強』中的其他五家俱樂部,要麼更富有,要麼規模更大。
"We don't make any apologies that we are trying to increase our revenue base to invest more in our teams if that means raising money through concerts to invest in the teams then I don't apologise at all," Levy said at September's fan forum.
列維在9月份的球迷論壇上表示:「如果通過舉辦演唱會來籌集資金,進而投資球隊,我們並不為試圖增加收入基礎以投資更多於球隊而道歉。」
"We announced with our last results that we believe this club needs a bigger capital base because we've got a lot of exciting projects on the horizon and we want to make further investment in the teams. Some form of minority investment is what we're looking for."
「我們在最近的財報中宣布,我們認為這家俱樂部需要更大的資本基礎,因為我們有很多令人興奮的項目即將到來,我們希望對球隊進行更多投資。我們正在尋求某種形式的少數股權投資。」
In a further defence of Levy, one source pointed to fan discontent at Arsenal owner Stan Kroenke in 2019 and 2021, as well as Manchester United's 12 months of troubles under new co-owner Ratcliffe.
在進一步為列維辯護時,一位消息人士指出,2019年和2021年阿森納球迷對老闆斯坦·克倫克的不滿,以及曼聯在新聯合老闆拉特克利夫領導下12個月的困境。
They believe a "vocal minority" of fans simply want success now, but should be careful what they wish for with calls for change.
他們認為,一小部分「吵鬧的少數」球迷只是希望現在就能成功,但他們在呼籲變革的同時,應該步步為營。
They added: "Spurs haven't got the formula on the pitch just yet but it will come."
他們補充說:「熱刺在球場上還沒有找到正確的公式,但它會到來的。」
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