【Perez公器私用練英文053】
Will players really strike over too much football?
球員真的會因為比賽太多而罷工嗎？
原文網址：https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/cew12rw5ldpo
時間：2024/09/18
作者：BBC編譯
Manchester City midfielder Rodri said on Tuesday that players were "close" to taking strike action over their increased workload.
曼城中場羅德里在週二(2024/09/17)表示球員們因為增加的工作量，已「接近」採取罷工行動。
The Spain midfielder played 63 competitive games for club and country last season, and featured for 6,107 minutes between July 2023 and July 2024, including pre-season friendlies.
這位西班牙中場上季為國家、為職業隊打了63場競技性質比賽，從23年七月到24年七月，包含季前友誼賽已經上場了6,107分鐘。
He spoke out a day after Liverpool goalkeeper Alisson said players were not being listened to and that no-one was close to a solution to fixture congestion.
他（羅德里）在利物浦守門員阿里森發言表示球員需要沒有被傾聽，沒人為車水馬龍的賽程提出解方的翌日後發出此言。
A recent report said a player welfare 'red line' was a maximum of between 50 and 60 matches per season, depending on a player's age.
近日有份調查指出，視球員的年紀不同，其權益紅線落在一季最多50到60場比賽之間。
But is strike action likely? Is it even possible? What are the legalities behind it all?
但要展開罷工了嗎？可行嗎？後面的法理依據是什麼？
BBC Sport has taken a look at some of the questions.
BBC體育帶你一睹一部分的問題與答案。
How many players does this extreme workload issue affect?
多少球員受到極端工作量的問題影響？
A recent study of player workload by the CIES Football Observatory - a research group at the International Centre for Sports Studies - suggested most clubs were not playing more matches per season than they were 12 years ago.
CIES的足球展望台—國際運動研究中心中的研究組織—，近日發表了球員工作量的報告，提出大多數球隊比起12年前，其實每季並沒有踢更多比賽。
The report said only 0.31% of players featured in 61 or more games; another 1.8% played 51-60 games; and another 6.8% played 41-50 games a season.
報告指出只有0.31%的球員每季會踢上超過60場比賽；另外1.8%球員每季踢51-60場比賽，以及每季41-50場比賽的球員佔6.8%。
It found that between 2012 and 2024, the average number of fixtures per club per season was just over 40, with about 5% of clubs playing 60 or more games per season.
它也研究橫跨2012-2024年，每個球隊單季平均比賽數僅稍稍超過40場，並且大概5%的俱樂部會踢超過單季60場比賽。
It looked at the workloads of between 18,000 and 21,000 professional footballers across 40 leagues over 12 years, finding an average of 22.7 matches per player. Minutes played has remained largely stable.
研究了在十二年間，橫跨40個聯賽的18,000-21,000名職業球員後，整理出每位球員的平均比賽術是22.7場。上場時間也基本保持穩定。
Do players want to strike?
球員們有想要罷工嗎？
Southampton manager Russell Martin said he "didn't think" his players were interested in striking after their promotion to the Premier League.
南安普頓教練羅素馬丁表示，他「不覺得」他轄下的球員對於球員對英超聯賽的呼籲後，對罷工感到興趣。
He said: "We've gone from 50 games to 38 and a couple of cup games so I think our lads will be delighted."
他表示：「我們從50場比賽變38場比賽加兩組盃賽，我們的負擔是有降低了。」
But he did add: "I think something's going to give at some point. I think that will be that the quality will be diluted at the top level.
但他也表示：「我想不能一概而論。我認為最頂級球隊的比賽品質會被削減。」
"The top players... you'll see less of them because of injuries, so I think he [Rodri] has a very good point and I think it needs to be looked at - the welfare of the guys playing internationals and the Champions League."
「頂級的球員們...會因為傷病的緣故，你可能會更少看到他們出現，所以我想他(羅德里)的觀點是很好的，也需要被大家關注——關於打國際賽跟歐冠的球員們的福利。」
Ross Meadows, head of employment at law firm Oury Clark, said: "In practice, I think this will be a last resort if co-ordinated through the Professional Footballers' Association or Fifpro as there are significant legal hurdles to overcome to have a lawful strike, including a ballot to all members and notice to the Premier League clubs.
羅斯梅多斯，Oury Clark律師事務所的勞權長表示：「實踐層面上，我想這會是在如果跟職業球員工會或Fifpro的協商會是最後手段，有鑑於達到罷工要克服包含讓每位成員罷工與通知英超俱樂部等龐大法律程序。」
"The PFA, for example, typically seeks to resolve disputes through negotiations rather than strikes. Historically, football players have avoided strike action in favour of collective bargaining and pressure through their union."
「以職業球員工會為例，通常來說會尋求透過協商調解爭議，更勝於罷工。縱觀歷史，球員會避免罷工行動，進而轉而透過公會進行集體談判並與聯盟施壓。」
Former England and Manchester City goalkeeper Joe Hart said on BBC Radio 5 Live that Rodri and Alisson were "just speaking from their hearts".
前英格蘭與曼城守門員喬哈特，在BBC5 Live表示，羅德里跟阿里森「純粹是抒發肺腑之言」。
"Two players there that are going to speak honestly," he said. "They're not rash guys, they're not guys who sensationalise everything. I'm sure they just answered questions.
「那兩個球員都是據實以告」他表示：「他們不是躁進之輩，也不是對什麼事情都要感情用事處裡的人。我確定他們只是回應問題。」
"Rodri, in particular, was asked whether they're close to going on strike. I don't think in the forefront of his mind was thinking 'you know what we are up to... that is actually the plan'.
「特別是羅德里，被問到他們是否瀕臨罷工。我不覺得他腦中表層意識想的是『你知道我們在打什麼主意......那就是我們的計劃。』」
"He is just saying that at some point they're going to have to stand up for themselves because it is a lot of football."
「他只是表示有些他們需要為自己站出來的點，因為有太多足球賽事了。」
Can players legally strike?
球員可以合法罷工嗎？
Ross Meadows, head of employment at law firm Oury Clark:
羅斯梅多斯，Oury Clark律師事務所的勞權長：
"Striking is slightly more complex under UK employment law. Provided certain legal requirements are met, players could strike and can't legally be forced to play. Football clubs could, however, decide to not pay them during strike action or sue them for breach of contract - the latter being unlikely in practice.
「罷工在英國勞基法底下是有點複雜的。在提供吻合某些法律要求的情況下，球員可以罷工、法理上不能逼他們踢球。然而足球隊也可以決定在罷工行動展開時不支薪，或是透過違反合約條款告他們──後者一般來說比較少用。」
"If the strike does not meet the legal requirements, players could be disciplined or even sacked.
「如果罷工不符合法律要求，球員會被懲罰紀律或解約。」
"Realistically, this will not happen in practice. For example, I cannot imagine Manchester City sacking a player of Rodri's calibre and cost, which would allow a club like Real Madrid to potentially sign him up on a free transfer. It is more likely the clubs would back the players."
「現實點說，慣例上這件事情不會發生。舉個例子，我無法想像曼城解雇一位像羅德里這麼有球員跟成本，這會讓像皇馬這樣的球會有機會免轉會費簽下他。球隊更可能站在球員這邊。」
What is in footballers' contracts?
球員合約裡包括什麼？
Ross Meadows, head of employment at law firm Oury Clark:
羅斯梅多斯，Oury Clark律師事務所的勞權長：
"Typically, the contracts will not have specific provisions allowing for strike action, withdrawing labour or refusing to play - and therefore it could be a breach of contract unless there is a legal justifiable reason.
「一般而言，合約不會特別預設允許罷工行動，罷工或拒絕出賽─因此這會違反合約除非有法律原因可以背書。」
"The contracts are likely to have clauses related to rest periods and recovery between matches. These are normally linked to Fifa and Uefa regulations."
「合約上更像是有連結到休賽季或比賽之間恢復期的條款，這些通常連接到FIFA或UEFA的規定下。」
How would a strike actually work?
罷工行動實務上會怎麼準備運作？
Professional Footballers' Association chief executive Maheta Molango on BBC Radio 5 Live:
職業足球工會執行主席馬赫塔瑪蘭哥在BBC Radio5表示：
"We need to now define what this may look like.
「我們現在需要界定這大概會是什麼樣子。」
"We want to give priority to our domestic competitions. This is the bread and butter of our players.
「我們會把優先權給國內的比賽，這牽涉到我們球員的生計。」
"The problem is more international competition, especially the national team competition, for example. Or this new format of Club World Cup, which is happening in the summer, so I don't think the focus is forcibly on domestic competitions.
「問題更大的會是國際性的比賽，舉例來說，特別是國家隊比賽，或者是所謂這夏天要開打的新世俱盃，所以我不覺得焦點會聚焦在國際賽事上。」
"If the players feel that we need to take further action - then I think we will."
「如果球員們覺得我們需要做出更長遠的行動──我想我們也會照做。」
BBC Sport chief football news reporter Simon Stone:
BBC Sport 足球新聞總編輯Simon Stone：
"Strike action has been threatened many times in the modern game but rarely has it actually happened - and nothing on the scale envisaged.
「罷工行動在現代運動已經拿出來要脅過許多次，但少有真正發生過──規模也不如預想。」
"The issue here is which games would be targeted - Premier League? EFL Cup? Champions League?
「現在要討論的議題是，什麼比賽會是抗議對象──英超？足總盃？歐冠？」
"And while Rodri - at the top of his profession - has a burnout issue; a player at a Premier League club that doesn't qualify for Europe and gets knocked out in the first available round of both domestic competitions only has a maximum 40 games to play.
「而羅德里──在他職涯巔峰──有精疲力盡的議題，同時一個沒有晉級歐戰在兩個國內盃賽(足總盃、聯賽盃)第一輪就被淘汰的英超球員，僅僅只有40場比賽要打。」
"That disparity makes consensus among all players appear difficult to reach - and it is not entirely clear what the PFA's plan is, even if their legal action is successful."
「這樣的差別讓所有球員們很難達成共識──現在職業球員工會的計劃也不明朗，即使假設他們的法律行動成功了。」
Do players get enough rest?
球員們休息夠了嗎？
Southampton boss Russell Martin said: "It's relentless and they don't really have much of a life outside of football, so I suggest it's probably not very healthy - which is why a lot get to the end and there are big stats on people struggling.
南安普頓教練羅素馬汀表示：「這是殘忍無情的，而且他們沒有足球外足夠的生活時間，所以我想這不是件太健康的事情──這也是為什麼許多人這條路會走到盡頭，並且有著許多人掙扎上並的數據。」
"There'll be loads of people who'll be thinking just get on with it, you play football for a living - but it's really tough to play at the intensity they play at for the amount they're being asked to."
「會有一大票覺得『接受它吧，踢足球是你的工作耶』的人──但是在他們被要求踢比賽的總和的緊繃程度下踢球，是很艱難的。」
Joe Hart told BBC Radio 5 live: "There's no secret to it. It's hard work. You have to really dedicate yourself to rest.
喬哈特跟BBC Radio 5 Live說：「除了努力工作，這之間沒有秘密，你真的需要投入精力去休息。」
"If you try to cut corners and try to live an extra life as well as being a top footballer, you're going to get found out.
「如果你試著在休息這件是混水摸魚，過超乎原先的人生同時做一個頂級足球員，你會被發現的。」
"At the moment, I have no doubt it [the schedule] looks daunting. That's high-end football and that's the qualities that are required to be in those squads.
「這個時候，我對於球賽行程看起來駭人毫不懷疑。那就是高品質的足球，以及那就是待在那些球隊需要的水準。」
"There's no right answer because you need to tell the truth and you need to look after your body but then you also need to be realistic because someone else is chomping at the bit to get in your place."
「沒有所謂的正確答案，因為你需要告知真相，你也需要好好看顧你的身體狀況，但同時你也需要擺出現實的姿態，因為會有其他人對於取代你能更進一步虎視眈眈。」
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| ter Stegen在與Villareal比賽受傷，將有休戰7-9個月 |
Would players accept less money to play in fewer competitions?
球員們會接受踢少一點比賽、賺少一點錢嗎？
BBC Sport chief football news reporter Simon Stone: "Rodri wasn't asked the question on Tuesday, but I wonder if he would be willing to take a 25% pay cut to allow his workload to be cut by 25%?
BBC Sport 足球新聞總編輯Simon Stone：羅德里週二沒有被問到這個問題，但我懷疑它會不會樂意透過減去25%的薪資，換去減少25%的工作量？」
"Or would he argue that because the games - in theory - were better, they would be worth more?"
「還是它會對『因為比賽──理論上──品質比較好，為什麼要打更多比賽』一節展開爭論？」
Any other action players could take?
有其他任何球員可以採取的行動嗎？
Ross Meadows, head of employment at law firm Oury Clark:
羅斯梅多斯，Oury Clark律師事務所的勞權長：
"Players could bring legal action against their employer if player safety is an issue. For example, if they believe that the volume of games is breaching health and safety regulations or other contractual obligations related to rest and recovery.
「如果球員的生命安全成為問題，球員可以透過法律途徑對抗雇主。舉例來說」，如果他們認為比賽的頻率會影響健康與安全情況，或是關係到休息、恢復期的其他延伸情形。」
"They could also raise concerns under health and safety law, especially if the increased workload is leading to injury risks.
「他們可以提高對健康、安全法律的關心度，特別是如果上升的工作量影響到他們的受傷機率。」
"They could also challenge the increase in games under the Working Time Regulations 1998, which provide for adequate rest period and limits on working hours, albeit these regulations are not typically applied to professional athletes.
「他們也能對上升的比賽數在1998年制定的工時規定法發起挑戰，該法保障要提供足夠的休息時間跟工時限制，即使這些規定一般來說沒有應用在職業運動員上。」
"They could take less drastic forms of protest such as wearing armbands and displaying messages on their shirts to raise awareness of their concerns about their schedule.
「他們可以採取不這麼激烈的抗爭手段，諸如戴上臂章、在球衣上展示訴求，去提高他們重視賽程問題的話題度。」
"Whilst such actions could lead to disciplinary action by their club or the league, they may not, provided they do not interfere with their core obligations of playing."
「雖然這些選項可能會帶來球隊或聯盟的紀律懲罰，但他們(球隊或聯盟)應該不會這樣做，只要只要他們(球員)踢球的核心義務依舊有執行沒有被干擾。」
What do fans think?
球迷怎麼想？
Rodri certainly got the BBC audience talking.
羅德里明顯地被一些BBC觀眾討論了。
The highest rated of 1,600 reader comments on the story was from 'Witsend56'. It read: "This just confirms that footballers live in a different world. Last week it was a player who stated: 'What other job do you have to take abuse?'
1600則回應中最高推文的是「Witsend56」的留言。是這麼寫道：「這只是確認了足球員活在跟我們完全不同的世界。上週，一個球員說：『哪個別的工作要被霸凌？』欸，」
"Well try working in a shop or school or a prison or hospital or the police. Just some of the jobs that get abused every day both physical and verbal. Now they complain about the number of games they have to play. Isn't that why teams have huge squads?"
「試試看在商店、或學校、或監獄、或醫院、或警察局工作啊。這只是幾個身心每天都遭虐的工作而已，現在球員他們抱怨比賽的數量......這不就是為什麼每隊要有龐大的球員庫嗎？」
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